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July 16, 2021

» Recent EWA Impact

Three recent grants to Prof. Andy Gosler and his group based in Zoology and Anthropology have supported development of The Ethno-ornithology World Atlas (EWA), enhancing its usability. The EWA map (https://EWAtlas.net) shows the group’s ongoing work with local communities in S. America and India, the fruits of a new collaboration with the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages (https://livingtongues.org/) , and ongoing collaboration with BirdLife International. A recent article by Jim Robbins published by the BBC gives more background: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210714-why-local-legends-about-birds-matter. See also https://ewatlas.net/news/oxford-paraguay-exchange-indigenous-community-involvement-conservation-policy and https://theconversation.com/there-are-over-7-000-english-names-for-birds-heres-what-they-teach-us-about-our-changing-relationship-with-nature-162471

 

February 28, 2019

» Vocal information about food availability more prevalent in the mornings

Wintering songbirds have to find food while avoiding predators. Previous research has demonstrated that birds benefit by forming groups: they use information from others to find food sources while per-capita predation risk decreases through dilution. However, much less is known about in what way birds produce information about food availability, e.g. calls which attract others. Attracting others to food decreases per-capita risk of predation, but increases competition. However, these costs and benefits do not covary linearly with group size, and the effect of recruiting an additional group member is not constant.

Friederike Hillemann, lead author on the paper, said: ‘Using a combined observational and experimental approach, we show that wintering songbirds make economic decisions about when to produce information about food availability: As the day progresses and foraging group sizes increase, the costs of producing calls that attract others outweigh the benefits, causing a decrease in vocal activity into the afternoon.’

Read the paper, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, here: ‘Diurnal variation in the production of vocal information about food supports a model of social adjustment in wild songbirds‘.

May 9, 2018

» Birds migrate to save energy

Birds migrate in order to optimise the balance between their energy intake and expenditure, finds a paper published online this week in Nature Ecology & Evolution. EGI postdoctoral researcher Marius Somveille and his collaborators from Cambridge and Montpellier, found that this rule also applies to non-migratory species, and provides a general explanation for the global distribution of all birds.

Around 15% of the world’s bird species migrate between breeding and non-breeding habitats, allowing them, for example, to escape food shortages and unfavourable weather during winter months. However, identifying driving factors that are common to the movement of all migratory and non-migratory species has not been possible until now.   Marius Somveille and colleagues designed a model that simulates a ‘virtual world’ in which birds distribute in an optimal fashion with regards to energy. The outputs of this model match very well the true (i.e. empirical) seasonal distribution patterns of birds, in contrast to the outputs of other ‘virtual worlds’ in which species do not optimise their annual energy balance. These results provide strong support for the important role of energy efficiency in determining the way birds distribute on the planet. The authors also suggest that the model is general enough to be applicable to other highly mobile animals such as fish and whales. Link to the paper here.

 

March 22, 2018

» Frontiers for Young Minds – How do birds cope with losing members of their group?

‘Frontiers for Young Minds’ is a new, free-to-publish, open-access journal which aims to make the latest scientific discoveries accessible to children. Through collaboration with a primary school teacher, the EGI has made its first contribution to this new initiative in a new article explaining how great tits in Wytham Woods cope with losing members of their group. You can read the article here. The paper explains the original manuscript (published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B) which examined how wild birds adjust their social network positions in response to experimental removal of their flockmates and the consequences of this for understanding the resilience of animal societies. You can read the original article here. For more information regarding this how to contribute to making the latest scientific research accessible to children using this new sci-comm method, please visit the Frontiers for Young Minds information page here or contact Josh Firth.